A suspicious-looking man buying a sports car turns out to be a killer; a chat room holds the key to a student's death; a couple kills three restaurant patrons. Police discover that a large life insurance policy was motive for a man's murder. Within most law enforcement agencies, new detectives are given an orientation training course, as well as offered manuals and guides to read and familiarize themselves with investigative work. The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science (or simply The New Detectives, formally "Forensic Detectives")[7] is a documentary true crime television show that aired two to three different cases in forensic science per episode from 1996 to 2004. Starring Gene Galusha Genres Documentary Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English Subscribe and Watch Buy Episode 1 SD $0.99 For homicide investigators, it's a race against time as they track their deadliest foe: A serial killer for whom killing is the only way to feel alive. Includes the murder of Belinda Tillery, the search for. Murders of, Criminals who killed for money are brought to justice with evidence found on mundane, household objects. Medics arrived and pronounced Johnson dead at the scene. The New Detectives - S09E18 - Vanished. How traces of evidence left behind by a killer can help solve the crime. Examines the Murder of Kathleen Martin and of Leo and Mary Donnard. Cloud DVR with no storage limits. Browse more videos. Gov. Florin Road and Franklin Boulevard intersection in Sacramentos Parkway, Sacramento police officer faces vehicular manslaughter charge in motorcyclists death, DNA evidence leads to arrest of murder suspect in 1979 El Dorado County cold case, Sheriffs homicide detectives investigating death of a woman in south Sacramento, California braces for next big snowstorm this weekend. Examines the murder sprees of Richard William Kutzner in, Kidnappers always leaves clues behind, but chasing them takes time. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case.#NewDetectives #TrueCrime #FullEpisodeSeason 4 Episode 14: First hand accounts of murder are pieced together by journalists, law enforcement, and crime writers.The New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve a wide range of cases.Some scenes in this program have been reenacted, due to the sensitive nature of the show, viewer discretion is advised. NEW! Each shot fired leaves its own "fingerprint", allowing scientists to target murderers with deadly aim. At the time, police said the shooting suspect had fled the scene. When abduction turns to murder, forensic science is the only key to finding justice for the victims of a kidnapper's deadly intentions. The New Detectives shows reenactments and dramatizations of events surrounding a murder. [10] The New Detectives shows reenactments and dramatizations of events surrounding a murder. X. StarringGene Galusha Directed byDave Haycox Darin Wales Season 9 S09:E01 - Hidden Obsessions A torso washes up on a river bank; a passer-by stumbles upon a human finger in a dumpster. Poisoning cases are examined. When the amount of money is substantial enough, a person can be motivated to do terrible things. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case.#NewDetectives #TrueCrime #PsychologySeason 2 Episode 1, aired in 1997: Journey into the dark recesses and calculated madness present only in our worst nightmares; and in the minds of serial killers, such as Richard Chase - The Vampire Killer of Sacramento, Mike DeBardeleben - The Mall Passer, and John Wayne Gacy - The Killer Clown, to name just a few. Murders committed by juveniles. An in-depth look at the science of death and the firsthand techniques and methodology used by Los Angeles County coroner Julie Wilson. Real-file footage is shown on occasion. Hire-to-kill cases are examined, including the. Documentary A Virginia real-estate agent misses an appointment and is never seen again. However, experience shows the most obvious suspect is not always guilty.The New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve a wide range of cases.Some scenes in this program have been reenacted, due to the sensitive nature of the show, viewer discretion is advised. The abduction of Denise Huber, the Christmas murder of Dean Phillips, and the 1989 murder of Nikia Gilbreath are solved after years of investigation. Diligence and technology help catch perpetrators who believe their crimes have been forgotten. Links: The New Detectives on Wikipedia Episodes The New Detectives has the following cases in common with Unsolved Mysteries : Dr. Emily Craig David Davis John Hawkins Marie Hilley When a crime is centered around drugs, arson, or weapons investigators have the means to crack it. When murder becomes a family affair, investigators must turn to forensics to uncover family plots. Examining three cases involving relationships that turned fatal. Upcoming episodes. The cases of Roxanne Tandal, Michelle Denise Anderson and the mysterious deaths of three elderly people are solved through, Forensic sculptors use skulls and clay to create models of victims' faces. This article presents 10 things new detectives need to learn in the early stages of their investigative careers. Examines the murders of Micah Pollock, For some killers, murder can be a lucrative business. "I decided to stay, and that changed everything". The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science (or simply The New Detectives, formally "Forensic Detectives") [7] is a documentary true crime television show that aired two to three different cases in forensic science per episode from 1996 to 2004. Share. When murder tears lovers apart, forensic science must put together the mystery to catch the killer. Sponsored by Gala: https://www.galaspins.com/Telling the stories of the 1996 shooting of Dr. Darryl Sutorius; the 1978 murder of Karla Brown and the 1993 murder of Jerry Boggs. Murder cases involving family members are examined. Investigators must then rely on forensic examiners to uncover proof of murder. Sponsored by Gala: https://www.galaspins.com/Telling the stories of the 1996 shooting of Dr. Darryl Sutorius; the 1978 murder of Karla Brown and the 1993 mur. Modern technology is used to convict the killer of a teenage girl, linking a bloody shirt, a broken watch, and blood in the wheel well of the suspect. A suspect's shoe print matches one left at the crime scene; a bruise on a victim's body resembles the tread of a tire. +A pseudonym for the killer was given in the episode. Rosalio Ahumada writes breaking news stories related to crime and public safety for The Sacramento Bee. The detectives continued investigating the fatal shooting over the past two months and identified Velasco as the suspect in the death of Leonard Demars Johnson, the Sacramento Police Department announced Thursday in social media posts. 6 accounts per household included. Jail records show Velasco faces three felony charges in a separate case, which include being a convicted felon in possession of firearm, possession of an assault weapon and committing a felony while out on bail. Examines the 1998 murder of Carly Martinez in, Whether a crime is meticulously planned, perpetrators leaves behind clues. How forensics can find clues even in charred remains. But when a criminal needs a new identity, theft becomes a matter of life and death. Blind ambition, rage, and desire can lead to unspeakable acts. Holmes. *A pseudonym for the victim was given in the episode The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science. In, When killers bent on revenge on revenge, forensics examiners look for hidden clues to bring justice for those who were murdered. The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science (1996-2005) Episode List Season: OR Year: Season 9 S9, Ep1 22 Oct. 2003 Hidden Obsessions 7.8 (10) Rate The Great Miami River washes up a torso leaving investigators baffled by where the remaining body parts might be or if the person was male or female. His ID is now known, What judge said to Alex Murdaugh is why we should abolish the death penalty | Opinion, Honeymooning couple abandoned at sea by snorkel tour boat, Hawaii lawsuit says, Watch: Brawl ends Inderkum-Riordan CIF Northern California playoff game in San Francisco, Fisherman finds missing Northern California womans body in Sutter County river, El Dorado County man found dead in snow near a vehicle in Camino, Sheriffs Office says, Explosion rocks home near South Lake Tahoe; firefighters found debris everywhere, Child sex crime suspect is booked into Sacramento jail after extradition from Panama, Yolo County judge sends Sacramento man to prison for daylight sexual assaults of women. Examines the murder of Natalie Mirabal in. Sponsored by Gala: https://www.galaspins.com/. [9] The show was also carried by international markets where the series was shown on the Discovery Channel UK, Discovery Europe, the Crime & Investigation Network in Australia, Prime TV in New Zealand, TV Norge, TV Danmark, Kanal 5 in Sweden, and RTL in the Netherlands.[9]. Examining how some killers leave personal marks on their victims. When a theft is committed, something valuable is stolen. Some killers choose their prey at random with no apparent motive but leave telltale clues behind. Examining the murder of Cordell Richards and nine-year-old Jackie Beard. The series was narrated by Gene Galusha from 1996 to 2004. List of The New Detectives episodes Add languages Article Talk Read Edit View history This is an episode listing for the Discovery Channel Television show The New Detectives, with the episodes' original air date included, if available. Robert Anzilotti, the retired Bergen County chief of detectives, is the subject of "The Torso Killer Confessions," a two-part A&E documentary recounting his decades-long efforts to wring . Police rely on a drop of blood to determine a missing person's fate. Forensic examination is used in cases where the victim or the killer abruptly vanishes after a crime. Kevin Bernard ( Anthony Anderson ). Newsom declares emergency, A man was found dead in California river 25 years ago, cops say. The murder of Donald Harmacek from, Solving crimes may begin with intuition but advanced science provides investigators with irrefutable proof to uncover the truth. There is a large amount of blood on and around the . Murder cases located in outdoor places are examined. When a fire destroys every clue, it's a challenge for forensics investigator. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. How the crimes of Bryan Maurice Jones and the cases of Thora Rose and Glenn Michelson were solved through fingerprint identification. You need to enable JavaScript to run this app. 2001 Bloodlust Rate For homicide investigators, it's a race against time when they track their deadliest foe: a serial killer who murders to feel alive. In this episode, authorities use reverse DNA testing to identify remains and solve an old crime. Anthony Zuiker, the creator of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation got the idea for the show from The New Detectives. #NewDetectives #TrueCrime The New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve a wide range of cases. Matching bullets leads police force to prove the identity of assassins. Forensic scientists must work to prove murder when the victim's body is missing or destroyed. | Full season and episodes - free online streaming fast high quality legal movies and TV television shows Featured cases: The 1993 murder of, There's an old saying that a burden shared is a burden halved. Murder cases where the victims are poisoned to death, are examined. 6 00 a. 26:47. The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science is a documentary true crime television show that aired two to three different cases in forensic science per episode. Examining the. Murder cases where the suspects are paid for their crime, are examined. Looking into the murder of Dawn Hamilton and the crimes of. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. Like in the case of. The New Detectives centers on murders that are committed in North America and the forensics used to convict the murderers of their crimes. 8.1 (13) Rate. Timeless Media Group has released the first four seasons of The New Detectives on DVD in Region 1. THE NEW DETECTIVES profiles the work of world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators and the techniques they use to solve murders and other crimes. Forensic entomologist and botanist help decipher the clues nature provides. Sponsored by Gala: https://www.galaspins.com/. The tread of a tire, a single shoe print and even the shape of a bruise help investigators track down killers, based solely on their patterns of guilt. Staged crime scenes were used in the murder of Tammy Lohr, the shooting of Carol Bruce, and the death of Victoria Beckham in 1994. Play Upcoming episodes No upcoming air dates currently scheduled for this program. Three hairs microscopic fibers a common trash bag ripped from a roll. The three investigators were stripped of their guns and shields last fall. The second involved a case of a. Detectives use the remains of bones and teeth to identify murder victims. When deputies arrived, they found Nancy with a gunshot wound to the head . Examining the case of Danny Webster, and identifying the remains of the Fairfax County Jane Doe. Arson investigators can find clues from scorched rubble and ignite the flames of justice. The least expected evidence helped solved the murders of Virginia Russell, Hye-Yon Smith and Janet Overton. Examines the murders of. With the help of hi-tech forensics, police use the marks to capture the perpetrators, like. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case. The least expected evidence helped solved the murders of Virginia Russell, Hye-Yon Smith and Janet Overton. StarringGene Galusha Directed byGreg Francis Season 7 S07:E01 - Blood Lust A Florida girl's murder is similar to one in Indiana; DNA evidence forces a suspect to confess. Baffling crimes betrayed through evidence provided by insects, beer bottles and other seemingly meaningless objects.The New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve a wide range of cases.Some scenes in this program have been reenacted, due to the sensitive nature of the show, viewer discretion is advised. Officers responded to the area for a report of a shooting and found a man later identified as Johnson of Sacramento who had suffered at least one gunshot wound. Poison is the subtlest form of death, and investigators must bring these murders to light. Sacramento police detectives arrested a suspect on a homicide charge in the New Year's Day shooting of a 37-year-old man near a gas station at a busy intersection. Investigators must go to extreme lengths to catch the killer when the victim is presumed dead. Detective work is highly specialized, usually encompassing the examination and evaluation of evidence to apprehend suspects and to build solid cases against them. Without a Trace. Unlike The FBI Files, a sister show, also produced by Tom Naughton and New Dominion Pictures, The New Detectives mostly centers on murders that police departments solve without assistance from the FBI, but there have been episodes where the FBI was called in to assist with particularly serious crimes. Meet the SVU's latest recruit, Detective Grace Muncy In the September 29th episode of Law & Order: SVU, Captain Olivia Benson ( Mariska Hargitay) and the SVU tackle a group of young gang members. A well-executed homicide can baffle even the most skilled investigators. Emiliano Antonio Velasco, 18, was arrested and booked Wednesday night at the Sacramento County Jail, where he remained in custody Thursday. Share This. Falsely believed to be Caucasian, the skull proved to be of . Written in Blood . Forensic scientists find clues written in blood as they investigate the deaths of three women killed by the men who once loved them. The Holyoke . Episode reruns currently air on the Discovery Channel, TLC and the Investigation Discovery network. THE NEW DETECTIVES profiles the work of world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators and the techniques they use to solve murders and other crimes. Browse more videos. See production, box office & company info, America's Most Wanted: America Fights Back, Unsolved Mysteries: Original Robert Stack Episodes, The John Wayne Gacy Murders: Life and Death in Chicago. Edmund Emerick (guilty of killing 2 bar workers in. The detectives were demoted back to the rank of officer over the weekend, multiple police sources told the Daily News. On January 2, 1983, Randal "Randy" McEvers called 911 to say that his wife, Nancy McEvers, 28, had died by suicide. Underwood and the killing of Nanette Hansen. "Former Cop Convicted of Poisoning Wife Gets Life Prison Term", The New Detectives New Dominion Pictures, TV Guide The New Detectives Episode Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_The_New_Detectives_episodes&oldid=1133210115, Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Mind Hunters | FULL EPISODE | The New Detectives The New Detectives 190K subscribers Subscribe 2.7K Share 293K views 3 years ago #NewDetectives #Psychology #TrueCrime Sponsored by Gala:. How crime scene photos can provide valuable clues during an investigation. But when people team up to commit murder, investigators must rely on forensic science to capture killer duos like, Murder cases are solved by examining clues left by the perpetrator. Channel:- The New Detectives Published On:- 2021-May-22nd Added On:- 2022-August-6th Link Persons Segment #1 Terri Brooks Scott Keith Segment #2 Scott Dunn Jim Dunn ( Father ) Alisha Hamilton Tim Smith Location Segment #1 Philadephia, Pennsylvania Segment #2 Lubbock, Texas Stories Segment #1 WBUR Theres no statute of limitations on murder. World-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve murders and other crimes. Real-file footage is shown on occasion. Bombing cases involving mailed packages, are examined. (28) 7.8 2012 TV-PG. The naval criminal investigative service uses forensic science to solve three perplexing murders and fulfill their motto: "To the living we owe respect; to the dead, we owe the truth". A look at how forensics can be used to crack drug rings. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case.#NewDetectives #TrueCrimeSeason 4 Episode 13: Some of the best clues come from the least likely of places. Examines the Murder of Kathleen Martin; and of Leo and Mary Donnard in, A sadistic serial killer is preying on women in, Police rely on forensic science to reveal murder victims' pasts and expose those guilty of committing crimes of passion. How psychological profiling was used to examine the minds of 'The Vampire Killer of Sacramento', 'The Killer Clown' and more. Featured cases: Convicted murderers Alan Yerkey, Charles Wayne Keese, and Walter Reader. New Detectives tells the stories of men and women using science to bring killers to justice - and comfort to their victims' families. He also faces a misdemeanor charge of illegal transportation of a gun in a vehicle. Investigators must turn to forensic science to solve homicides in which the victims were found in bodies of water. Handwriting analysis is used to determine mood, motive, and many other psychological traits. The rape and murder of Janet Baxter, the ransom kidnapping and murder of Michael Kinney, and the murder of James Bradley Wren are examined. When homicide investigators meet crime writers, it transpires that real-life stories are often stranger than fiction. Ballistic analysis is the key to finding killers who turn guns on their victims. Frank is a tough-as-nails. In Brazil, the TV series was narrated by the Italian-Brazilian announcer and journalist Wilson Versolato. The New Detectives Season 5 (13) 7.9 2012 TV-PG THE NEW DETECTIVES profiles the work of world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators and the techniques they use to solve murders and other crimes. Series overview [ edit] Episodes [ edit] Season 1 (1996) [ edit] Season 2 (1997) [ edit] Some people murder for love. Feb 28 th. These cases took a decade or more to solve. Includes the murder sprees of serial killers. Examines the murders of Wendy Kratzert and. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Rescue workers respond, and do indeed find the woman dead at the base of the stairs. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case.#NewDetectives #TrueCrimeThe New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned. When partners team up to commit murder, the weight of their guilt remains just as heavy. The New Detectives. The New Detectives 40K views 3 days ago New Aiden Fucci pleads guilty to first-degree murder in death of Tristyn Bailey News4JAX The Local Station 32K views 1 day ago New Bloodlust | FULL. RELATED: New clue released in cold case disappearance of missing Vero Beach woman. The New Detectives. Share this page with your family and friends. Sacramento police detectives arrested a suspect on a homicide charge in the New Years Day shooting of a 37-year-old man near a gas station at a busy intersection. The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science (1996-2005) Episode List Season: OR Year: Season 7 S7, Ep1 27 Jul. Examining the cases of Lynn Breeden and Peggy Laughlin, and the important role DNA played in SOLVING them. When criminals are repeat offenders authorities are more dedicated to solve this crimes. But these killers did it for the money. [11] In a talk at the International Mystery Writers Festival in June 2008, Zuiker said that he was working as a tram driver in Las Vegas when he came up with the idea for the series. Examines the Murder of Kathleen Martin and of Leo and Mary. The Police Department has not discloses the circumstances of the shooting, but homicide detectives were called to investigate at least one car, a compact sedan, with shattered glass that was on the road. The New Detectives centers on murders that are committed in North America and the forensics used to convict the murderers of their crimes. Stars Gene Galusha Frank McCaffrey Nick Pizzillo See production, box office & company info Watch on Docurama S1-9 with Prime Video Channels True Crime Network is a 24/7 broadcast television network that entertains & informs its viewers with gripping crime and investigation programming while making communities safer. Unlikely Sources | FULL EPISODE | The New Detectives The New Detectives 190K subscribers Subscribe 6.5K Share 1.1M views 2 years ago #NewDetectives #TrueCrime Sponsored by Gala:. Cases like Michael Stevens and. Start a Free Trial to watch The New Detectives on YouTube TV (and cancel anytime). New Detectives tells the stories of men and women using science to bring killers to justice - and comfort to their victims' families. True Crime Network is a 24/7 broadcast television network that entertains & informs its viewers with gripping crime and investigation programming while making communities safer. 13 May 1997. "Forensic Detectives - UK TV Listings Guide", "The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science", "Local Scenes and Acting talent will be showing up in new series", "Discovery Times New Detectives TV listings", "Neal Haskell Brings The Discovery Channel to Rensselaer", "Zuiker's CSI inspired by 'New Detectives', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Detectives&oldid=1123871931, 1990s American documentary television series, 2000s American documentary television series, Television series by New Dominion Pictures, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Michael Sinclair/Peter Koeppen/Tom Naughton, This page was last edited on 26 November 2022, at 04:23. In this episode, police use specially trained dogs to solve the murders of Francis Fitz, Karen Warner and Kathy Beadle. 25:55. He speaks Spanish fluently and has worked as a news reporter in the Central Valley since 2004. Cross link evidence helps investigators to solve crime. [12], Several international episodes were dubbed by Susan Rae. Sherlock Holmes (1954) E19 - The Case of the Vanished Detective. When foul play is suspected, investigators turn to forensics to find the missing. Playing next. A woman accepts the job of a lifetime, then disappears; a college student is murdered on her way home from work. Perpetrators try to disguise their crimes to avoid prosecution. Murder cases where no body was found are examined. When a woman is hit by a train a killer could be covering his tracks. He said he was about to go out to play basketball with some friends when his first wife asked him to stay in and watch The New Detectives on the Discovery Channel. Some scenes in this program. Report. The Ryan Reynolds movie was a big hit in 2019, but a Netflix live-action Pokemon series convinced people a sequel wasn't . With no fingerprints at the scene, detectives turn to cutting-edge forensic techniques to track a callous killer, hoping to catch him before he could strike again. The show features the rapidly growing evolution of forensic science as a method to solve the most puzzling crimes. AntonioTamoshunas2142. Documentary A co-worker's date turns up missing; man stages his wife's suicide. The first case involved the murder of Robert Curley. #NewDetectives #TrueCrime The New Detectives is an American docudrama where world-renowned forensics experts and criminal investigators solve a wide range of cases. This is an episode listing for the Discovery Channel Television show The New Detectives, with the episodes' original air date included, if available. Examines the murders of Susan Galloway from, The most terrifying cases occur when the killer appears to choose victims seemingly without any reason. Stream live TV from ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, ESPN & popular cable networks. Seemingly small and insignificant clues become a victim's silent witness. S7, Ep2 19 Sep. 2001 Deadly Aim Rate SANTA ROSA, Calif. (AP) A 15-year-old student has been booked on suspicion of homicide and other charges in connection with a stabbing at a Northern California high school on Wednesday where . The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science TV Series 1996-2005 TV-PG 1 h IMDb RATING 7.8 /10 573 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary Crime True stories of crime investigations using forensic science. Exploring the deadly poisoning cases by Lee Roy Hargrave, How psychological profiling was used to catch and examine the minds of. When an innocent person is convicted of murder, discriminating DNA testing can provide proof of their innocence when appearance suggests otherwise. Details: The New Detectives is a show about murders in the United States and how forensic scientists used to convict murderers of of their crimes. Includes the killing spree of Christian Fuhr and the murder of Bonnie Horinek in. Join forensics experts and criminal investigators to solve the case.#NewDetectives #TimothyWilsonSpencer #KathleenMartinSeason 8 Episode 8: When a victim is gunned down at range, police often assume that an acquaintance is to blame since it's less likely for a stranger to commit an assault at close range. Featured cases: Some killers choose to hide their victim. The Pokemon: Detective Pikachu movie sequel may actually happen. Emiliano Antonio Velasco, 18 . Some might think that this adds to the dramatization's realistic quality, while others might be distracted by the knowledge that the investigators are replaying their actions alongside hired actors. A sergeant with the Holyoke Police Department is suspended for five days. A look into the world of forensic science and its use in criminal investigations. An internal affairs investigation found he pulled a gun on two detectives in a September 2021 incident. No upcoming air dates currently scheduled for this program. Such as the murder of Linda Sobek, A look at the triple homicide committed by, The cases of quadruple homicide committed by. Examines the disappearance and murder of Sandra Hernandez, the murder and identification of Sandra Gail Leslie, and the murder investigation of Irene Kovak. Watch The New Detectives Free Online. Identifying an unknown victim is not easy, but using the latest techniques, forensic artists can draw conclusions from the remains. The pattern a machine leaves on an item or the unusual way a tool crimps can lead to the killer, like, New forensic techniques are used to solve the murder of Deana Jalynn Hubbard at, New technology is used to solve the murder of Dawn Fehring, the crimes committed by Archie Woods, and the examination of. Years after a murder has been committed, investigators use advanced dna analysis to shed new light on crimes that have gone unpunished for far too long. Sometimes, when a death seems to be accidental, it is up to forensic scientists to reveal the deception lying just below the surface.