Finally, the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. The mitt is representive of all these things. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. There are five quotations that are used by the author in his novel The Catcher in the Ray: Game, my ass. Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. But lying to others is also a kind of phoniness, a type of deception that indicates insensitivity, callousness, or even cruelty. Holden wouldn't stop talking about Jane and kept calling him a moron and insulting him Where did Holden go immediately after the fight? Jerome David "J. D." Salinger is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. Modernists shared a common purpose. It first appears in Chapter 16, when a kid Holden admires for walking in the street rather than on the sidewalk is singing the Robert Burns song Comin' Thro' the Rye. In Chapter 22, when Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life, he replies with his image, from the song, of a catcher in the rye. Holden imagines a field of rye perched high on a cliff, full of children romping and playing. All mentioned above features about translation difficulties single out that it can be concluded: there are three main types of translation difficulties: grammatical, lexical and stylistical difficulties in translation. Salinger uses society as the source of discord in this case to be isolated from. Another important aspect concerning the importance of translations in general, and of Salingers s Romanian version in particular, is that much of the target audience has access to a literary text only through its translation in the TL. Use of short sentences and AND clauses that link short sentences: That isnt too far from this crumby place. Salinger. . When Stradlater nonchalantly refuses to tell Holden any of the details, Holden attacks him, but Stradlater pins him to the floor and tries to get him to calm down. . (J. D. Salinger: 7). What is a catcher in the rye and why does Holden want to be one? The object of this research paper can be considered as one that gives the detailed review of the translation difficulties. One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. No game.. The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. D.B also was a soilder. Who is Selma Thurmer, and why did Holden like her? Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. Holden also has a tendency to use the undefined second-person pronoun, "you." When developing a comprehensive opinion of the novel, it is important to consider the praises and criticisms ofThe Catcher in the Rye.Many critics consider J.D. Need urgent help with your paper? Ever since its publication in 1951, J.D. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels.He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. He has a cynical, oversimplified view of other people, and a large part of his fantasy world is based on the idea that children are simple and innocent while adults are superficial and hypocritical. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. The mitt reminds holden of his brother and is the only thing he can be descriptive about so it is what holden writes Stradlater's report on it. Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. Without a doubt, J.D. Mr. Antolini guesses that Holden feels disconnected from his environment, and, as we have already seen, his assessment is accurate. Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties inThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D.Salinger. is a thesis that was chosen in order to identify these important features. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. This phenomenon the connection of words with completely various semantic features is peculiar to all languages, but in each language it has various rules and traditions. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. Joe has made an argument that the cat has fleas. Another epithet that was used by the author in his novel is hardly ever listened (J. D. Salinger: 6) This is a reserved epithet because it is composed of two words linked by a preposition and it was chosen in order to point out to the reader that speech of old Spenser was not a clear one and not understandable one for the listener. Holden and Stradlater make there way down to a bathroom because Stradlater needs to shave. However, market requirements are increasingly demanding that translators transfer texts to a target language that is not their mother tongue, but a foreign language. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. It is suggested to be drastic with text omissions, but it was found as an important feature to point out to the students all the positive aspects of meaning of her/his translation. for a group? So they gave up looking.. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Killing time before his date with Sally, Holden decides to walk from Central Park to the Museum of Natural History. ; the person lost their job, the person got evicted, etc.). I mean not wait till Wednesday or anything. Another important type of translation difficulty that was used by the author in his writing The Catcher in the Rye is abbreviation that is a kind of shortening of the words through cutting one of the part of the word and using the apostroph for joining two words, that is the type which create a lot of problem in the prosses of translation.. Therse exemples of translation difficulties used by the author in his vovel The Catcher in the Ray shows to the reader that the writer tried to combine in his work different features of the period in which he activated that is Modernism and some important features of the previous period which is Realism. Salinger is now a recluse. . It gets great importance while making translation to add or omit some words since the structures of languages are quite different. This is achieved, as in case with other devices, by awakening the dichotomy of thought and feeling where thought takes the upper hand though not to the detriment of feeling. Lexical transformations are also caused by necessity to concretize a word while translating. [5:p.66-67]. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. And hes also an important influence for writers as Harold Brodkey or the two Pulitzer Prize- winners John Updike and Philip Roth. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. They are eulogistic and ephemeral unless they become language metaphors by being diffused through popular speech and, later, the media. The third type of difficulty is the need to be sensitive to total context, including the intended audience of the translation. Intralinguistic transfer can also be illustrated by stylistic differentiation. Idioms is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometimes impossible to guess by looking at the meaning of the individual words it contains. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. He fought in war. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. He also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. The hat is eccentric and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the same time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. Nobodyd move. (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. This is not possible. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. I mean thats all I told D.B. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". (Salinger 201). It was tried to achieve this aim by centering on the case study of comparing and analyzing in detail the differences and similarities, the gains and the losses that have occurred both in the English and in the Romanian versions. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. The researched material showed all the types of translation difficulties used in the work The Catcher in the Ray by the author. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. The author begins the novel with the using of the stylistic devices such as comparison like touchy as hell(J. D. Salinger: 1) through this stylistic devices the author wanted to point out besides his positive point of view about all his parents but also he had some negative thoughts about his parents. The psychological battles of the novel's main character, Holden Caulfield, serve as the basis for critical argument. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. As Phoebe points out, Holden has misheard the lyric. When he calls him a moron, Stradlater warns him to be quiet, but he only . There are also expressions that are used in American English only, such as most of the slangy utterances mentioned above.[13]. The fact that he is having this conversation with Phoebe, a child who is anything but simple and innocent, reveals the oversimplification of his worldview. The following problem which demands careful consideration in lexical transformations of translation is problem of word combinability. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. It is clear in the early chapters,. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Do you know why Holden agrees with Stradlaters demand to write for him a composition? He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system. In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. As you can see the theme of the painfulness of growing up is very prevalent throughout The Catcher In The Rye. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. But it is what it aims at. What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? He and his friend Mal Brossard decide to take a bus into Agerstown to see a moviethough Holden hates moviesand Holden convinces Mal to let Ackley go with them. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? We also see how alienated he feels. As a result, he has isolated himself and fears intimacy. What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? In all languages there are typical norms of word combinability. Such style elements also gave him the illusion of having, as it were, delivered his characters' destinies into their own keeping." I was wondering if it would be frozen over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go? | Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! We are lucky to present you. As he watches Phoebe sleep, Holden projects his own idealizations of childhood onto her. For the first time, I can see a definite connection between the main character in the story and the author. The only instances that create problems for the translator are the stable, recurrent lexical idioms that for their metaphorical meaning do not rely only on the readers logic at the moment of reading but also, and above all, on the value that such a metaphor has assumed in the history of the language under discussion. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. support@phdessay.com. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. Inter-semiotic translation means substituting signs of one semiotic system by signs of a different semiotic system. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. His random and repeated lying highlights his own self-deceptionhe refuses to acknowledge his own shortcomings and is unwilling to consider how his behavior affects those around him. As he finishes the essay, Holden can hear Ackley snoring and comments that one has to feel sorry for Ackley when one considers all the problems he has.". 20% Idioms and fixed expressions which contain culture-specific items are not necessarily untranslatable. Since The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1940s, many of the slangy expressions in it are probably nowadays considered old fashioned and not used anymore. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. eNotes Editorial, 22 Dec. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-did-holden-decide-write-about-stradlaters-311210. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. But it is necessary to convey some very specific details from the original socio-cultural reality in order to remind the target audience that the source text is written in another culture. Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. There are certain elements in every language which make reference to something else within the text or context of situation for their interpretation. The translator is always alert in order to catch a passage that is marked, forms a particular sensitivity allowing the translator, to stop and think about an unusual formulation even when in translators experience he/she never ran across that particular idiomatic expression. Last but not the least is the accepted usage of words in a language. An idiom in the source language may have a very close counter part in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning. For example, Louis Menand said that the early stories of Pulitzer Prize- winner Philip Roth- were affected by J. D. Salinger. However, our English teacher was a belligerent person who claimed to know the 'mind of the writer' and claimed to have know him . And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. Metaphor is inherent in language. The problem is to find a translating expression. The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. It is like when polysemantic words in English and other languages do not coincide in their lexical-semantic variants and the same is when differ the function of identical stylistic device. cookie policy. Holden relentlessly insults Stradlater, driving him crazy until he punches Holden and bloodies his nose. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and. The New Republic, Vol. Every language worked out its own clichs and some set expressions used by speakers, nevertheless those word expressions are not phraseological units but they possess complete form, which, in comparison with the phraseological units, are never broken by adding some introductory words or substitution of some of its elements. Holden then tears up the composition in anger, and they get into a fight. . When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Others, however, nominated Salinger himself as the top-flight "catcher in the rye" for that period in American history. I shoot people in this hat.. But then, they have solutions and they can change their hard conditions for better ones. "Mad about Children." how my parents were occupied and all []. As he demonstrates at the Museum of Natural History, Holden likes the world to be silent and frozen, predictable and unchanging. In conclusion, there are countless symbols in The Catcher in the Rye. Salinger has the power to disconnect between his adorated teenagers and phony adults: he magnifies childrens intelligence; so we can say that the kind of language used in this novel is not monotonous. Holden believes childhood is very. I need at least one quote for support. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. Romanian translation has the tendency to skip certain short passages or expressions of the ST in order to adapt them to the TT and Romanian style presented examples in point. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author., Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. Salinger portrays all of society to be bad, and for many character's isolation from society is the only way to achieve happiness. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. Using our knowledge of collocational patterns may not always tell us what an idiom means but it could easily help us in many cases to recognize an idiom, particularly one which has a literal as well as a non-literal meaning. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. .(J. D. Salinger: p. 18) with the translation into Romanian like Ackley, pu?iule? In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. The only thing that would be different would be you. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. In a New York Times op-ed piece published after J. D. Salingers recent death, David Lodge charged that many of Salingers critics simply didnt get his work, particularly his post-Catcher in the Rye and Nine Stories work. . He says he would like to protect the children from falling off the edge of the cliff by catching them if they were on the verge of tumbling over.